JS Online: Montpelier makeover

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Montpelier makeover

James Madison=E2=80=99s Virginia estate returns to its authentic = roots

By FRANK A. AUKOFER
Special to the Journal Sentinel

Posted: June 27, 2008

Orange, Va. - Orange, Va. =E2=80=94 It was a memorable = description of=20 absurdity in wartime. An American major told a reporter during the = Vietnam War,=20 =E2=80=9CIt became necessary to destroy the village in order to save = it.=E2=80=9D

Something like that is happening in the lush foothills of the Blue = Ridge=20 Mountains at Montpelier, the home of James Madison, the nation=E2=80=99s = fourth=20 president. A troop of artisans, craftsmen, archivists, archaeologists,=20 researchers and restoration specialists have spent five years and $24 = million=20 destroying a beautiful mansion in order to save it.

It is anything but absurd. When the architectural restoration of = Montpelier=20 is publicly unveiled on Constitution Day, Sept. 17, it will mark the = last of the=20 homes of the Founding Fathers to be preserved for posterity.

It will not be a grand opening because Montpelier never closed. = During the=20 restoration, tourists and visitors have trooped through rubble to learn = about=20 the life of the president who, even in his own time, was called the = Father of=20 the Constitution and the Architect of the Bill of Rights.

Unfortunate circumstances dictated the destruction and reconstruction = of=20 Montpelier. The home was commissioned in 1760 by Madison=E2=80=99s = father, James Sr.,=20 when the future president was 9 years old.

But the home did not stay in the family, as had Monticello, the home = of=20 Thomas Jefferson, and Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, both = also in=20 Virginia. After Madison served as president from 1809 to 1817, retired = and died=20 at Montpelier in 1836, his equally famous wife, Dolley, left the home in = the=20 hands of her profligate son, Payne, when she moved to Washington.

Dwindling finances forced her to sell the property in 1844, and it = passed on=20 to a succession of six owners until it was sold in 1901 to William and = Annie=20 duPont. They expanded the house from 22 rooms to fashion a 55-room = mansion.

After William duPont died in 1927, the house passed to his daughter, = Marion,=20 who married and later divorced Hollywood actor Randolph Scott. An avid = and famed=20 horsewoman, she developed the plantation as an equestrian facility. It = continues=20 to this day as a horse training and steeplechase center, enhancing the=20 experience of visitors to Madison=E2=80=99s home.

When Marion duPont Scott died in 1983, she bequeathed Montpelier to = the=20 National Trust for Historic Preservation. It opened to the public in = 1987 and=20 passed to the Montpelier Foundation in 2000, which started restoration = of=20 Madison=E2=80=99s home in 2003.

Uncovering information

The arduous process already has provided new insights into the lives = of the=20 president, his wife and their times, with more to come as research and=20 restoration continue.

=E2=80=9CIt is fair to say that this is the equivalent of finding a = new document=20 about James and Dolley,=E2=80=9D says architectural historian Mark = Wenger, who is=20 overseeing the project with John Jeanes, the restoration director.

To a layman, the task has been mind-boggling, starting with the = destruction=20 of all of the duPont additions, which included extra floors and a large=20 extension on the back of the house. Tedious detective work followed to = determine=20 what Madison=E2=80=99s home looked like originally.

It entailed such things as stripping walls down to the original = plaster and=20 mapping nail holes to determine where portraits hung in the drawing = room.=20 Hundreds of mice and rats=E2=80=99 nests found in the walls were combed = through to find=20 =E2=80=9Ca treasure trove=E2=80=9D of shards of old letters, newspapers, = documents and textiles=20 =E2=80=94 all of which became forensic clues that would put the = fictional =E2=80=9CCSI=E2=80=9D=20 television show to shame.

Workers painstakingly chipped away to remove a concrete basement = floor in=20 what had been Dolley Madison=E2=80=99s kitchen. They found impressions = in the underlying=20 clay that told them exactly what the pattern had been in the original = brick=20 floor.

Fortunately, the duPonts saved many of the old pieces and reused = them, often=20 in different places. The restorers found 38 of the original 52 doors and = a=20 master restoration carpenter, one of a crew of about 45 artisans and 10=20 carpenters, is carefully restoring the doors even as others figure out = where to=20 put them.

New pieces in old places

Elsewhere in the home, the restorers are building new pediments, = lintels and=20 mantels, using ghost images from the walls to determine what they looked = like.=20 They craft pieces from heart pine, an expensive hard wood no longer = generally=20 available that was reclaimed from an 1850s-era mill. The = mansion=E2=80=99s roof is=20 covered with handmade old-growth cypress shingles.

But not everything is retro. Where it makes sense and can be hidden, = modern=20 materials have been introduced to enhance Montpelier=E2=80=99s = longevity. And, of=20 course, the home has electricity and modern climate controls, with the = heating=20 and air conditioning units buried in a giant covered pit out back.

In addition to the restoration artisans, there=E2=80=99s a full-time = staff of seven=20 archeologists, aided by students from James Madison University in = Harrisonburg,=20 Va. They search for clues about life on the plantation, which was = maintained by=20 slaves. Although intellectually opposed to slavery, Madison was a = slaveholder,=20 which was legal and accepted in colonial days.

The Montpelier Foundation=E2=80=99s next project will be to restore = an old railroad=20 station nearby. It will be opened as a museum depicting the lives and=20 contributions of slaves on the Madison plantation.

When visitors arrive at the restored Montpelier, they will see only a = partially furnished home because research is still ongoing to determine = as=20 closely as possible what sorts of furniture and other artifacts filled = the=20 home.

Madison was =E2=80=9Cone of the most overlooked of the Founding = Fathers,=E2=80=9D said=20 Michael C. Quinn, president of the Montpelier Foundation.

Long political career

The oldest of 12 children, Madison lived at Montpelier on and off = while he=20 attended boarding school and later graduated from the College of New = Jersey,=20 which became Princeton University. He started his 41-year political = career as a=20 member of the Orange County, Va., Committee of Safety.

From there, Madison was elected to the Virginia Convention in = Williamsburg,=20 which drafted Virginia=E2=80=99s first constitution. He served in the = Second Continental=20 Congress, was elected to four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives = and was=20 appointed secretary of state by Thomas Jefferson, his good friend and = the=20 nation=E2=80=99s third president, before being elected to the presidency = himself in=20 1808.

However, Madison is most remembered for his prodigious work as a = Virginia=20 delegate to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. He was = less than=20 imposing in public because of a soft speaking voice and small stature = =E2=80=94 either 5=20 feet 4 inches or 5 feet 6 inches, according to various accounts.

But he had a towering intellect and he had assiduously researched and = analyzed earlier democracies and why some had failed. He persuaded = George=20 Washington to chair the convention, which guaranteed its credibility and = stature, and worked behind the scenes to persuade delegates to adopt his = concepts of representative government with three branches, the need for = checks=20 and balances and a system that gave certain powers to the federal = government=20 with others reserved to the states.

Madison was an author, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, of = the=20 Federalist Papers, which helped persuade the states to ratify the = Constitution.=20 In 1791, he drafted the Bill of Rights, the first 10 amendments to the=20 Constitution, to assuage state representatives who objected that the=20 Constitution itself did not protect individual rights.

=E2=80=9CThe Constitution and the Bill of Rights is more the product = of the mind of=20 Madison than anyone else,=E2=80=9D Quinn said.

Madison married Dolley Payne Todd, a North Carolina-born widow with = the young=20 son, Payne, who later dissipated her finances. After Jefferson named = Madison as=20 secretary of state they moved to Washington in 1801 and lived briefly in = the=20 president=E2=80=99s house with Jefferson.

Influential hostess

Because Jefferson was a widower, Dolley often served as his hostess. = She=20 developed her own reputation as a hostess and a quiet broker of = compromises=20 between political adversaries at social events both in = Jefferson=E2=80=99s=20 administration and as first lady during Madison=E2=80=99s two terms.

Dolley=E2=80=99s everlasting fame came in 1814, during the War of = 1812, when British=20 troops invaded Washington and torched the Capitol and the White House. = With her=20 husband away leading the American forces, Dolley commandeered wagons to = remove=20 artifacts from the White House, including the official presidential = portrait of=20 George Washington.

The restoration of Montpelier, the beloved home of James and Dolley = Madison,=20 is an emotional as well as a professional endeavor for the foundation = staff and=20 restoration artisans. They speak of Dolley and =E2=80=9CJimmy=E2=80=9D = Madison as if they were=20 family, and they are fond of quoting Wenger, the architectural = historian:

=E2=80=9CWhen I die, this will be the best thing I=E2=80=99ve ever = done.=E2=80=9D

Buy a link here

From the June 29, 2008 editions of the Milwaukee Journal = Sentinel=20
Have an opinion on this story? Write a = letter to the=20 editor.

Don=E2=80=99t miss one more day of local news and = money-saving=20 offers! S= ubscribe=20 Today!

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TO CHANGE: the URL, whether or not to show scrollbars and = menu, width, and height */ function launchpopup(url, name, rs, w, h) { var resize =3D ""; if (rs) { resize =3D "resizable,"; } popupWin =3D window.open(url, name, 'scrollbars,menubar,' + resize + = 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h); } function launchpopup02(url, name, rs, w, h) { var resize =3D ""; if (rs) { resize =3D "resizable,"; } popupWin =3D window.open(url, name, 'scrollbars,' + resize + = 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h); } function launchpopup03(url, name, rs, w, h) { var resize =3D ""; if (rs) { resize =3D "resizable,"; } popupWin =3D window.open(url, name, '' + resize + 'width=3D' + w + = ',height=3D' + h); } function poppoll(url, name, rs, w, h) { var resize =3D "resizable=3Dno,"; if (rs) { resize =3D "resizable=3Dyes,"; } popupWin =3D window.open(url, name, = 'location=3Dno,menubar=3Dno,toolbar=3Dno,scrollbars=3Dno,status=3Dno,' + = resize + 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h); } function launchvideo(url, name, rs, w, h) { var resize =3D ""; if (rs) { resize =3D "resizable,"; } popupWin =3D window.open(url, name, 'scrollbars,menubar,' + resize + = 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h); } /* SCRIPT RESERVED FOR KRT POPOUT GRAPHICS */ function MM_openBrWindow(theURL,winName,features) { //v1.2 newWin =3D window.open(theURL,winName,features); newWin.focus() } function getCookie(name) { var dc =3D document.cookie; var prefix =3D name + "=3D"; var begin =3D dc.indexOf("; " + prefix); if (begin =3D=3D -1) { begin =3D dc.indexOf(prefix); if (begin !=3D 0) return null; } else { begin +=3D 2; } var end =3D document.cookie.indexOf(";", begin); if (end =3D=3D -1) { end =3D dc.length; } return unescape(dc.substring(begin + prefix.length, end)); } /* --------------------- E-MAIL STORY INCLUDE --------------------- */ function newwin() { var newWindow =3D = window.open('http://www.journalinteractive.com/utilities/emailstory.asp?u= rl=3D' + = escape(window.location.href),'send','toolbar=3D0,menubar=3D0,scrolling=3D= no,scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes,width=3D280,height=3D530'); =09 if (newWindow.opener =3D=3D null) { newWindow.opener =3D self; } } =09 /* --------------------- VIEW TOGGLE INCLUDE --------------------- */ function show(id) { document.getElementById(id).style.display =3D 'block'; } function hide(id) { document.getElementById(id).style.display =3D 'none'; } /* TMJ4 2006 VIDEO POPUP */ function winopen(sUrl, sTitle, sWidth, sHeight) { var win =3D window.open(sUrl, sTitle,=20 'width=3D' + sWidth + ', height=3D' + sHeight + ', ' + 'location=3Dno, menubar=3Dno, status=3Dno, toolbar=3Dno, = scrollbars=3Dno, resizable=3Dno'); } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C8DABC.3E9FB560--